Stages of human life pdf

Jean Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development. The theory is based on four stages:. Lawrence Kohlberg created a theory of human development based on moral development concepts.

The theory comprises the following stages:. Sigmund Freud popularized the psychosexual theory. The theory comprises five stages:. It suggests that behaviors are conditioned in an environment due to certain stimuli. Behavioral theorists believe that behavior determines feelings, so changing behaviors is important because this will in turn change feelings.

The attachment theory focuses on the deep relationships between people across their lifetime. An important attachment theory finding is that children must develop at least one strong bond in childhood to trust and develop relationships as adults.

The attachment theory comprises four stages:. The social learning theory builds upon the behavioral theory and postulates that people learn best by observing the behavior of others. They watch how others act, view the consequences, and then make decisions regarding their own behavior accordingly. The four stages in this theory are:.

In the attention stage, people first notice the behavior of others. In the retention stage, they remember the behavior and the resulting consequences. In the reproduction stage, people develop the ability to imitate the behaviors they want to reproduce, and in the motivation stage, they perform these behaviors.

The sociocultural theory ties human development to the society or culture in which people live. It focuses on the contributions that society as a whole makes to individual human development. For example, children who are raised to play outdoors develop differently from children who are raised to play indoors.

The zone of proximal development helps teachers think about and plan instruction, so sociocultural theory plays a large role in preservice teacher training. What are the differences between human development and developmental psychology? These terms are closely related. Developmental psychology is defined as a scientific approach to explaining growth, change, and consistency throughout a lifetime.

It uses various frameworks to understand how people develop and transform throughout their lives. In the real world, developmental psychology is used in the study of physical, psychological, emotional, social, personality, and perceptual development. The study of developmental psychology can lead to careers in several different fields.

Developmental psychologists often work in colleges and universities and focus on research and teaching. Others work in healthcare facilities, clinics, assisted living facilities, hospitals, mental health clinics, or homeless shelters.

In these applied settings, their focus is more on assessing, evaluating, and treating people. One more key element of human growth and development left to explore is genetics. Genetics influences the speed and way in which people develop, though other factors, such as parenting, education, experiences, and socioeconomic factors, are also at play.

The multiple genetic factors that affect human growth and development include genetic interactions and sex chromosome abnormalities. Genes can act in an additive way or sometimes conflict with one another. For example, a child with one tall parent and one short parent may end up between the two of them, at average height. Other times, genes follow a dominant-recessive pattern.

If one parent has brown hair and the other has red hair, the red hair gene is the dominant gene if their child has red hair. Sex chromosome abnormalities impact as many as 1 in births.

The following syndromes are examples of sex chromosome abnormalities that can impact development:. Down syndrome is another common example of how genetics can impact development. This chromosomal disorder may cause some individuals to experience physical or intellectual development differences. Down syndrome occurs at the 21st chromosomal site, in which people with Down syndrome have three chromosomes rather than two.

Those with Down syndrome often have different physical characteristics and may be prone to physical problems like heart defects and hearing problems. Most individuals with Down syndrome have intellectual impairment, but the degree of this impairment varies from person to person. The study of human growth and development offers a wealth of value for personal and professional growth and understanding. Many reasons exist for why we study human growth and development. Students may choose to study human growth and development because of its array of applications across many professional fields.

Human development is a wide-reaching and ever-changing discipline. Skip to main content. What do you want to do? Check my answers Email my answers to my teacher. Please allow access to the microphone Look at the top of your web browser. If you see a message asking for permission to access the microphone, please allow. Advanced search. About this site. Interactive worksheets. Make interactive worksheets Tutorial Video tutorial Get started.

Make interactive workbooks Video tutorial. Students access. Stages of human life cycle This activity is a short passage on the human life cycle. Background opacity: 0. Apply to the whole worksheet. More Social Studies interactive worksheets.

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